The folks from Ranked Boost made this useful guide that will teach you some of the best locations with a higher spawn rate for catching types of Pokémon of a specific type in Pokémon go. The various types are: water, fire, grass, electric, rock, psychic, bug, ground, poison, normal, dragon, fairy, fighting, ghost, and ice.
Water Pokémon
Fire Pokémon
Grass Pokémon
Electric Pokémon
Rock Pokémon
Psychic Pokémon
Bug Pokémon
Ground Pokémon
Poison Pokémon
Normal Pokémon
Dragon Pokémon
Fairy Pokémon
Fighting Pokémon
Ghost Pokémon
Ice Pokémon